A comprehensive bibliography (up to 1997) is available in the Catalog of the nonmarine snails and slugs of the Samoan Islands (Cowie 1998; listed below). It is impossible to cite here all the works from which information for this field guide has been obtained; the following list provides some of the more important ones, including some published since 1997. Some of them are books, obtainable in libraries, bookshops or direct from the publisher (the publisher and city of publication are given), often via the world-wide web. Others are journal articles in the technical scientific literature, which can generally be found in the libraries of most major universities and natural history museums. Almost nothing has been published previously on the snails of the Samoan Islands in the popular or semi-popular literature. Some more general texts on both snails and the Samoan Islands are also listed.

Abbott, R. T. 1989. Compendium of Landshells. A Color Guide to more than 2,000 of the World's Terrestrial Shells. American Malacologists, Inc., Melbourne, Florida.

Amerson, A. B., Jr., W. A. Whistler & T. D. Schwaner. 1982. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat of American Samoa. 2 vols. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.

Baker, H. B. 1938. Zonitid snails from Pacific islands-part 1. 1. Southern genera of Micro­cystinae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 158: 1-102, pls. 1-20.

Baker, H. B. 1940. Zonitid snails from Pacific islands-part 2. 2. Hawaiian genera of Micro­cystinae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 165: 105-201, pls. 21-42.

Baker, H. B. 1941. Zonitid snails from Pacific islands-parts 3 and 4. 3. Genera other than Microcystinae. 4. Distribution and indexes. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 166: 205-370, pls. 43-65.

Civeyrel, L. & D. Simberloff. 1996. A tale of two snails: is the cure worse than the disease? Biodiversity and Conservation 5: 1231-1252.

Cooke, C. M., Jr. & H. E. Crampton. 1930. New species of Partula. Bernice P. Bishop Mu­seum Occasional Papers 9(11): 1-9.

Cooke, C. M., Jr. & Y. Kondo. 1960. Revision of Tornatellinidae and Achatinellidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 221: 1-303.

Cowie, R. H. 1992. Evolution and extinction of Partulidae, endemic Pacific island land snails. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B) 335: 167-91.

Cowie, R. H. 1993. Why tree snails are becoming scarce in Samoa. Hawaiian Shell News 41(3): 1, 9.

Cowie, R. H. 1996. Pacific island land snails: relationships, origins and determinants of diversity, p. 347-372. In: A. Keast & Scott E. Miller (editors), The origin and evolution of Pacific island biotas, New Guinea to eastern Polynesia: patterns and processes. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Cowie, R. H. 1997. Catalog and bibliography of the nonindigenous nonmarine snails and slugs of the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 50, 66 p.

Cowie, R. H. 1998. Catalog of the nonmarine snails and slugs of the Samoan Islands. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Zoology 3, viii + 122 p.

Cowie, R. H. 2001. Decline and homogenization of Pacific faunas: the land snails of American Samoa. Biological Conservation. 99(2): 207-222.

Cowie, R. H. & R. P. Cook. 1999. The distribution and abundance of land snails in the National Park of American Samoa, with particular focus on Partulidae. Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Technical Report 125, iii + 143 p.

Cowie, R. H. & R. P. Cook. 2001. Extinction or survival: partulid tree snails in American Samoa. Biodiversity and Conservation. 10(2): 143-159.

Cowie, R. H., N. L. Evenhuis & C. C. Christensen. 1995. Catalog of the Native Land and Freshwater Molluscs of the Hawaiian Islands. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Eldredge, L. G. 1988. Case studies of the impacts of introduced animal species on renewable resources in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific islands. Uni­versity of Guam Marine Laboratory Technical Report 88: 118-146.

Garrett, A. 1887. The terrestrial Mollusca inhabiting the Samoa or Navigator Islands. Pro­ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1887: 124-53.

Girardi, E.-L. 1978. The Samoan land snail genus Ostodes (Mollusca: Prosobranchia: Po­teriidae). The Veliger 20: 191-250, 1 pl.

Griffiths, O., A. Cook & S. M. Wells. 1993. The diet of the introduced carnivorous snail Euglandina rosea in Mauritius and its implications for threatened island gastropod fau­nas. Journal of Zoology 229: 79-89.

Hadfield, M. G. 1986. Extinction in Hawaiian achatinelline snails. Malacologia 27: 67-81.

International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Johnson, M. S., J. Murray & B. Clarke. 1993. The ecological genetics and adaptive radiation of Partula on Moorea. Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology 9: 167-238.

Kami, K. S. & Scott E. Miller. Samoan insects and related arthropods: checklist and bibliography. Bishop Museum Technical Report 13, v + 121 p.

Kay, E. A. 1995. The Conservation Biology of Molluscs. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Keating, B. H. 1992. The geology of the Samoan Islands, p. 127-178. In: B. H. Keating & B. R. Bolton (editors), Geology and offshore mineral resources of the central Pacific basin. Springer, New York.

Kinzie, R. A., III. 1992. Predation by the introduced carnivorous snail Euglandina rosea (Ferussac) on endemic aquatic lymnaeid snails in Hawaii. Biological Conservation 60: 149-55.

Mead, A. R. 1979. Pulmonates, Volume 2B. Economic Malacology with particular reference to Achatina fulica. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco.

Miller, Stephen E., R. H. Cowie, B. D. Smith & N. Rojek. 1993. The decline of partulid snail populations in American Samoa. Tentacle, The Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Mol­lusc Specialist Group 3: 28-29.

Murray, J., E. Murray, M. S. Johnson & B. Clarke. 1988. The extinction of Partula on Moorea. Pacific Science 42: 150-53.

NEMS Task Team. 1993. Western Samoa: National Environment and Development Management Strategies. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia, Samoa.

Parkinson, B., J. Hemmen & K. Groh. 1987. Tropical Landshells of the World. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, Germany.

Pearsall, S. H. & W. A. Whistler. 1991. Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping for Western Samoa: Summary, Project Report, and Proposed National Parks and Reserves Plan. South Pacific Regional Environment Program, Nouméa; East-West Center, Honolulu.

Robinson, A. C. 1994. The Ecology of Samoa: an Annotated Bibliography. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia, Samoa.

Solem, A. 1976. Endodontoid land snails from Pacific islands (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Sig­murethra). Part I. Family Endodontidae. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.

Solem, A. 1983. Endodontoid land snails from Pacific islands (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Sig­murethra). Part II. Families Punctidae and Charopidae. Zoogeography. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.

Taule'alo, T. I. 1993. Western Samoa: State of the Environment Report. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia, Samoa.

Trail, P. W. 1993. Invaders are here. American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources Report 42: 48-50.